In Juba, South Sudan, water scarcity endangers economic growth and livelihoods, with greater implications for the welfare of the local populace. A UNICEF report states that only 11% of South Sudanese have access to basic sanitation, and 59% do not have access to clean water (Gupta, H., August 29, 2025). Furthermore, according to Oxfam International (2022), just 55% of people have access to clean drinking water. Understanding the root reasons of Longa's water shortage critically is the goal of this study. Data collection for the study included both primary and secondary sources. Surveys have been developed to gather new, independent data from the public, and quantitative information utilising pre-existing statistics was analyzed and compared to current data. 61% of Longa's population does not have access to safe and clean drinking water, according to the findings. Previous water studies are extensively discussed in the literature review. Water treatment facilities were not present in Longa's unofficially delineated habitation areas, according to assessments. The widespread water crisis is deeply rooted in political, social, economic, and environmental factors, with inadequate internal road infrastructure for private water vendors posing significant challenges in reaching some communities. In 2023, the South Sudanese government initiated the construction of a water pipeline in Juba, implemented by the Japanese government (JICA). The installation of water pipelines in certain blocks marks a significant step forward in improving access to clean drinking water. However, challenges persist, particularly in areas lacking adequate water infrastructure, such as pipelines and water stations or boreholes on each block.

Keywords:Water scarcity ,South Sudan, Juba, Water accessibility, Public health, Humanitarian crisis  and Urban water security